Kesalahan Yang terjadi pada Penerapan Security

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Posted by stev_mtl's BLOG | Posted on 16.53 | Posted in

Kesalahan Yang terjadi Pada Penerapan Security


Disini akan saya sharing sedikit survey yang telah di lakukan oleh Sans Institute dan saran dari Bruce Schneier yang merupakan salah satu bos dari Counterpane Internet Security.

Pertama sekali kita anda lihat tentang kesalahan terbesar dari IT department, mengapa sampai security implementasi dapat gagal di suatu perusahaan :

1. Menghubungkan system perusahaan anda ke Internet sebelum melakukan implementasi security dari sisi equipment hardware maupun software.
2. Menghubungkan suatu system yang dalam kondisi testing ke internet dengan default configuration.
3. Tidak mengadakan update terhadap system yang memiliki hole. (cth, service pack dari produk Microsoft)
4. Menggunakan telnet dan protocol lainnya untuk memanage suatu system tanpa enkripsi.
5. Tidak melakukan maintenace system dan back up data yang teratur.
6. Memberikan password kepada user melalui telpon, atau melakukan perubahan password langsung via telpon ataupun user melakukan perubahan password
7. sendiri tanpa melalui protokol authentication yang dapat diandalkan.
8. Menggunakan services yang tidak diperlukan contohnya telnet atau ftp.
9. Mengimplementasikan firewall tanpa "rule" yang benar, misalnya untuk menhentikan suatu request yang sesuai ciri-ciri worm atau network traffic yang
10. berbahaya(DoS).
11. Kegagalan dalam mengimplementasikan software update untuk anti virus.
12. Kegagalan dalam melakukan edukasi/training terhadap user mengenai security yang mereka hadapi.


Dan kesalahan paling besar yang biasa dilakukan oleh BOS anda atau anda sendiri yang menjadi executivenya, adalah :

1. Memberikan pekerjaan untuk menghandle security kepada orang/staff yang sama sekali tidak pernah ditranining atau memiliki pengetahuan mengenai security.
2. Tidak mengerti mengenai hubungan antara information security dan masalah dalam bisnis.Bisanya hanya melihat physical security tetapi tidak tahu mengenai
3. konsekuensi tentang information security yang hancur lebur. Kebanyakan konsep atau NATO (not action talk only)
4. Terlalu bergantung terhadap firewall.
5. Gagal dalam implementasi operasional security. Perbaikan atau system maintenance tidak berlanjut, hanya dilakukan pada tahap-tahap awal saja.
6. Tidak menyadari aset yang dimiliki perusahaan, tentang berapa tinggi nilai yang harus dilindungi.
7. Menganggap bahwa masalah yang terjadi akan selesai dengan cara mengacuhkannya.


Solusi apa yang di sarankan oleh Bruce Schneier dalam menghadapi keadaan tsb atau tindakan prevensi yang harus dilakukan untuk meningkatkan security di perusahaan anda.

1. Penggunaan firewall ( konfigurasi yang harus terus di monitoring, install update security dari vendor untuk meyakinkan bahwa security hole dapat tetap diblok)
2. Menggunakan PKI
3. Enkripsi.
4. Anti-Virus
5. VPNs (virtual private network)
6. Physical Security dengan menggunakan kartu akses atau lainnya
7. User training dan security prosedur yang jelas sehingga user dapat lebih mengerti peran mereka.
8. IDS (Intrusion Detection System) dan log file yang perlu di review.
9. Security monitoring.

streaming audio-video

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Posted by stev_mtl's BLOG | Posted on 00.09 | Posted in

Dalam jaman saat ini yang sudah sanggat modern sudah sangat membantu setiap orang untuk berinteraksi melakukan apapun yang di ingginkan karena hampir tidak ada yang tidak dapat diperoleh oleh kemajuan teknologi.
Salah satu contoh keunggulan teknologi yang ada saat ini yaitu streaming. Definisi dari streaming adalah teknik untuk mengirim file dari satu device ke device lain yang berjalan secara terus menurus sehingga user di device tujuan bisa menjalankan file yang dikirim dengan tidak menunggu semua file dari tempat asal selesai dikirimkan.

Proses streaming membutuhkan bandwith yang besar, karena data audio dan video biasanya memiliki ukuran yang besar. Dengan kondisi bandwidth yang terbatas proses streaming sulit diimplementasikan. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan solusi yang bisa melakukan streaming pada bandwidth yang terbatas.

Salah satu solusi yang memungkinkan yaitu dengan menggunakan metode kompresi ke dalam data yang akan distreaming. Kompresi dilakukan menggunakan metode kuantisasi vektor dengan menggunakan algoritma Fair Share Amount.

Streaming juga mengimplementasikan teknologi UPnP (Universal Plug And Play) sehingga proses streaming bisa diautomatisasi tanpa perlu mengetahui address pada device - device yang terhubung.

Source streaming disebut dengan device sedangkan tujuan streaming disebut dengan control point. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba menunjukan bahwa dengan menggunakan arsitektur UPnP, aplikasi video streaming terkompresi menggunakan metode quantisasi vektor dengan algoritma FSA bisa diterapkan dengan baik serta prosentase kompresi yang dihasilkan dengan metode ini mencapai 75,8 % sampai 85 % dari file aslinya.

Pada teknologi Streaming maka kita mengenal dengan RTP (Real Time Protokol) yang merupakan protokol yangdibuat untuk mengkompensasi jitter dan desequencing yang terjadi pada jaringan IP yang berfungsi untuk mengurutkan paket data dan mendeteksi apakah ada paket data yang hilang.

Pada proses kerja RTP biasanya bekerja sama dengan RTCP (Real Time Control Protocol) yang berfungsi untuk mengirimkan paket control pada saat terminal yang berpartisipasi pada percakapan sebagai informasi yang berkualitas transmisi pada jaringan data yang dikirimkan, pengecekan headstamp pada header RTP dan memastikan datanya tepat dengan headstampnya, sebenarnya tugas utama RTCP adalah menyediakan feedback terhadap kualitas layanan yang disediakan oleh RTP sebagai protokol transport.


GbU


selamat membaca dan mempelajari



other and anohter

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Posted by stev_mtl's BLOG | Posted on 00.06 | Posted in

Other is an adjective meaning 'different' and is used as follows :

- This car park is closed but the other car park is open.
- Some children learn quickly but other children need more time.

◊ Other can also be used as a pronoun to refer to things or people.

- 80% of the students arrive on time.
- The others ( = the other students) are always late.

◊ Another expresses quantity, something extra or additional.

- There are 6 people for dinner but there are only 5 plates.
We need another plate

Determiners and articels

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Posted by stev_mtl's BLOG | Posted on 00.05 | Posted in

Articles, determiners, and quantifiers are those little words that precede and modify nouns:

the teacher, a college, a bit of honey, that person, those people, whatever purpose, either way, your choice

Sometimes these words will tell the reader or listener whether we're referring to a specific or general thing (the garage out back; A horse! A horse! My kingdom for a horse!); sometimes they tell how much or how many (lots of trees, several books, a great deal of confusion). The choice of the proper article or determiner to precede a noun or noun phrase is usually not a problem for writers who have grown up speaking English, nor is it a serious problem for non-native writers whose first language is a romance language such as Spanish. For other writers, though, this can be a considerable obstacle on the way to their mastery of English. In fact, some students from eastern European countries — where their native language has either no articles or an altogether different system of choosing articles and determiners — find that these "little words" can create problems long after every other aspect of English has been mastered.

Determiners are said to "mark" nouns. That is to say, you know a determiner will be followed by a noun. Some categories of determiners are limited (there are only three articles, a handful of possessive pronouns, etc.), but the possessive nouns are as limitless as nouns themselves. This limited nature of most determiner categories, however, explains why determiners are grouped apart from adjectives even though both serve a modifying function. We can imagine that the language will never tire of inventing new adjectives; the determiners (except for those possessive nouns), on the other hand, are well established, and this class of words is not going to grow in number. These categories of determiners are as follows: the articles (an, a, the — see below; possessive nouns (Joe's, the priest's, my mother's); possessive pronouns, (his, your, their, whose, etc.); numbers (one, two, etc.); indefinite pronouns (few, more, each, every, either, all, both, some, any, etc.); and demonstrative pronouns. The demonstratives (this, that, these, those, such) are discussed in the section on Demonstrative Pronouns. Notice that the possessive nouns differ from the other determiners in that they, themselves, are often accompanied by other determiners: "my mother's rug," "the priests's collar," "a dog's life."

This categorization of determiners is based on Understanding English Grammar by Martha Kolln. 4rth Edition. MacMillan Publishing Company: New York. 1994.

Some Notes on Quantifiers

Like articles, quantifiers are words that precede and modify nouns. They tell us how many or how much. Selecting the correct quantifier depends on your understanding the distinction between Count and Non-Count Nouns. For our purposes, we will choose the count noun trees and the non-count noun dancing:

#The following quantifiers will work with count nouns:

many trees
a few trees
few trees
several trees
a couple of trees
none of the trees

#The following quantifiers will work with non-count nouns:

not much dancing
a little dancing
little dancing
a bit of dancing
a good deal of dancing
a great deal of dancing
no dancing

#The following quantifiers will work with both count and non-count nouns:
all of the trees/dancing
some trees/dancing
most of the trees/dancing
enough trees/dancing
a lot of trees/dancing
lots of trees/dancing
plenty of trees/dancing
a lack of trees/dancing

In formal academic writing, it is usually better to use many and much rather than phrases such as a lot of, lots of and plenty of.

There is an important difference between "a little" and "little" (used with non-count words) and between "a few" and "few" (used with count words). If I say that Tashonda has a little experience in management that means that although Tashonda is no great expert she does have some experience and that experience might well be enough for our purposes. If I say that Tashonda has little experience in management that means that she doesn't have enough experience. If I say that Charlie owns a few books on Latin American literature that means that he has some some books — not a lot of books, but probably enough for our purposes. If I say that Charlie owns few books on Latin American literature, that means he doesn't have enough for our purposes and we'd better go to the library.

Unless it is combined with of, the quantifier "much" is reserved for questions and negative statements:

* Much of the snow has already melted.
* How much snow fell yesterday?
* Not much.

Note that the quantifier "most of the" must include the definite article the when it modifies a specific noun, whether it's a count or a non-count noun: "most of the instructors at this college have a doctorate"; "most of the water has evaporated." With a general plural noun, however (when you are not referring to a specific entity), the "of the" is dropped:

* Most colleges have their own admissions policy.
* Most students apply to several colleges.

Authority for this last paragraph: The Scott, Foresman Handbook for Writers by Maxine Hairston and John J. Ruszkiewicz. 4th ed. HarperCollins: New York. 1996. Examples our own.

An indefinite article is sometimes used in conjunction with the quantifier many, thus joining a plural quantifier with a singular noun (which then takes a singular verb):

* Many a young man has fallen in love with her golden hair.
* Many an apple has fallen by October.

This construction lends itself to a somewhat literary effect (some would say a stuffy or archaic effect) and is best used sparingly, if at all.



The articels

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Posted by stev_mtl's BLOG | Posted on 00.04 | Posted in

The three articles — a, an, the — are a kind of adjective. The is called the definite article because it usually precedes a specific or previously mentioned noun; a and an are called indefinite articles because they are used to refer to something in a less specific manner (an unspecified count noun). These words are also listed among the noun markers or determiners because they are almost invariably followed by a noun (or something else acting as a noun).

The is used with specific nouns. The is required when the noun it refers to represents something that is one of a kind:

The moon circles the earth.

The is required when the noun it refers to represents something in the abstract:

The United States has encouraged the use of the private automobile as opposed to the use of public transit.

The is required when the noun it refers to represents something named earlier in the text. (See below..)

If you would like help with the distinction between count and non-count nouns, please refer to Count and Non-Count Nouns.
We use a before singular count-nouns that begin with consonants (a cow, a barn, a sheep); we use an before singular count-nouns that begin with vowels or vowel-like sounds (an apple, an urban blight, an open door). Words that begin with an h sound often require an a (as in a horse, a history book, a hotel), but if an h-word begins with an actual vowel sound, use an an (as in an hour, an honor). We would say a useful device and a union matter because the u of those words actually sounds like yoo (as opposed, say, to the u of an ugly incident). The same is true of a European and a Euro (because of that consonantal "Yoo" sound). We would say a once-in-a-lifetime experience or a one-time hero because the words once and one begin with a w sound (as if they were spelled wuntz and won).

Merriam-Webster's Dictionary says that we can use an before an h- word that begins with an unstressed syllable. Thus, we might say an hisTORical moment, but we would say a HIStory book. Many writers would call that an affectation and prefer that we say a historical, but apparently, this choice is a matter of personal taste.

For help on using articles with abbreviations and acronyms (a or an FBI agent?), see the section on Abbreviations.

First and subsequent reference: When we first refer to something in written text, we often use an indefinite article to modify it.

A newspaper has an obligation to seek out and tell the truth.

In a subsequent reference to this newspaper, however, we will use the definite article:

There are situations, however, when the newspaper must determine whether the public's safety is jeopardized by knowing the truth.

Another example:
"I'd like a glass of orange juice, please," John said.
"I put the glass of juice on the counter already," Sheila replied.

Exception:
When a modifier appears between the article and the noun, the subsequent article will continue to be indefinite:
"I'd like a big glass of orange juice, please," John said.
"I put a big glass of juice on the counter already," Sheila replied.

Generic reference: We can refer to something in a generic way by cautionusing any of the three articles. We can do the same thing by omitting the article altogether.

* A beagle makes a great hunting dog and family companion.
* An airedale is sometimes a rather skittish animal.
* The golden retriever is a marvelous pet for children.
* Irish setters are not the highly intelligent animals they used to be.

The difference between the generic indefinite pronoun and the normal indefinite pronoun is that the latter refers to any of that class ("I want to buy a beagle, and any old beagle will do.") whereas the former (see beagle sentence) refers to all members of that class.

Proper nouns: We use the definite article with certain kinds of proper nouns:

* Geographical places: the Sound, the Sea of Japan, the Mississippi, the West, the Smokies, the Sahara (but often not when the main part of the proper noun seems to be modified by an earlier attributive noun or adjective: We went swimming at the Ocean Park)
* Pluralized names (geographic, family, teams): the Netherlands, the Bahamas, the Hamptons, the Johnsons, the New England Patriots
* Public institutions/facilities/groups: the Wadsworth Atheneum, the Sheraton, the House, the Presbyterian Church
* Newspapers: the Hartford Courant, the Times
* Nouns followed by a prepositional phrase beginning with "of": the leader of the gang, the president of our club

Abstract nouns: Abstract nouns—the names of things that are not tangible—are sometimes used with articles, sometimes not:

* The storm upset my peace of mind. He was missing just one thing: peace of mind.
* Injustice was widespread within the judicial system itself. He implored the judge to correct the injustice.
* Her body was racked with grief. It was a grief he had never felt before.

Zero articles: Several kinds of nouns never use articles. We do not use articles with the names of languages ("He was learning Chinese." [But when the word Chinese refers to the people, the definite article might come into play: "The Chinese are hoping to get the next Olympics."]), the names of sports ("She plays badminton and basketball."), and academic subjects ("She's taking economics and math. Her major is Religious Studies.")

When they are generic, non-count nouns and sometimes plural count-nouns are used without articles. "We like wine with our dinner. We adore Baroque music. We use roses for many purposes." But if an "of phrase" comes after the noun, we use an article: "We adore the music of the Baroque." Also, when a generic noun is used without an article and then referred to in a subsequent reference, it will have become specific and will require a definite article: "The Data Center installed computers in the Learning Center this summer. The computers, unfortunately, don't work."

Common count nouns are used without articles in certain special situations:
idiomatic expressions
using be and go We'll go by train. (as opposed to "We'll take the train.)
He must be in school.
with seasons In spring, we like to clean the house.
with institutions He's in church/college/jail/class.
with meals Breakfast was delicious.
He's preparing dinner by himself.
with diseases He's dying of pneumonia.
Appendicitis nearly killed him.
She has cancer
(You will sometimes hear "the measles," "the mumps," but these, too, can go without articles.)
with time of day We traveled mostly by night.
We'll be there around midnight.

Principles of Choosing an Article

Choosing articles and determiners: Briefly defined, a determiner is a noun-marker: when you see one, you know that what follows is a noun or noun phrase. There is a list of such words in the table below. When you place your mouse-cursor over a word or pair of related words (such as either/neither), you will see in the right-hand frame an image describing the kinds of words that word can modify.

Zero article (see table below) means either that no article would be appropriate with that kind of noun or that that kind of noun can be used (in that context) without an article.


If you would like to see these images listed on one page, click HERE.

Notice that there is a difference between a "stressed" some or any and an "unstressed" some or any. Consider the words in ALL CAPS as shouted words and you will hear the difference between these two:

* That is SOME car you've got there!
* I don't want to hear ANY excuse!

As opposed to. . .

* We have some cars left in the lot.
* Isn't there any furniture in the living room?

In terms of the words they usually modify, the unstressed some and any do not modify singular count nouns.

Simple Present (Present Simple) - Introduction

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Posted by stev_mtl's BLOG | Posted on 00.00 | Posted in

Simple Present (Present Simple) - Introduction

Simple present is also called present simple.

Time line



The simple present expresses an action in the present taking place once, never or several times. It is also used for actions that take place one after another and for actions that are set by a timetable or schedule. The simple present also expresses facts in the present.

OTHER, ANOTHER

These words refer to something different, remaining, or additional.

They are placed before the noun.

Another is used with singular nouns.

Other with singular or plural.

* There are other jobs you could try.
* Where's the other packet of cereals?
* Is there any other bread?
* Have another cup of tea.



other and another



Other, Another and “A Whole Nuther”

So often I hear people use the word “nuther” when they mean “other”. Like in “that’s a whole nuther story.”How did this happen?

First, I don’t think that the word “nuther/nother” is being substituted for the word “other” in this expression. Rather, the word “whole” is being inserted between elements of the word another: a-whole-nother.

It could be jocular usage, or it could be an example of metanalysis:

The reinterpretation of the form of a word resulting in the creation of a new word; esp. the changing of the boundaries between words or morphological units.

Our word apron, for example, used to be napron, but speakers hearing the words “a napron” thought they were hearing “an apron.” The same thing happened with auger, adder and umpire. Working in the other direction, what we call “a newt” used to be “an ewt(e).”

Some speakers may try to “correct” a whole nuther story to the ungrammatical a whole other story with the result that the latter may become a common usage.

As to how it happened–

“A whole nuther/nother story” has caught on because people who hear it like it.

It also fits the patterns of English speech. The OED, for example, offers several uses of nother, most of them obsolete, but the word has a long history in the language.

The Old English word oþer meant “a second of two.” The merger of an (one) with other is documented from 1225.

Another is different from the other:

another refers indefinitely to any further member of a series of indeterminate extent.

the other points to the remaining determinate member of a known series of two or more.

I don’t think “a whole nuther” belongs in the speech or writing of news announcers or journalists who have a responsibility to adhere to standard usage, but its informal use in conversation doesn’t pain my grammar nerve.



Present simple

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Posted by stev_mtl's BLOG | Posted on 23.56 | Posted in

English verbs are normally known by infinitives :

ex. to work to speak to go
Positive (Subject + verb)

I work
You work

He

She works

It

We work

You work

They work

Interrogative (DO / DOES[FOR THE THIRD PERSON SINGULAR]+ SUBJECT + INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO)

Do I work

Do you work

he

Does she work

It

Do we work
Do you work

Do they work

Negative (SUBJECT + DO / DOES[FOR THE THIRD PERSON SINGULAR]+ NOT + INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO)

I do not (don’t) work

You do not (don’t) work

He

She does not (doesn’t) work

It

We do not (don’t) work

You do not (don’t) work

They do not (don’t) work